Girls Uncovered Book Analysis

TY 170 February 23, 2009 Grenz Review over the long haul, various topics are introduced all through society. These topics will in general make endeavors at negating its forerunner. In Stanley J. We will compose a custom exposition test on Grenz Review or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Grenz’ book, A Primer on Postmodernism, he talks about the two latest thoughts bolstered by general society; innovation and postmodernism. The resistance is obvious between the times of innovation and postmodernity. As portrayed by Grenz, innovation centers around the individual, utilizing thinking as a wellspring of reality. This conviction makes truth be relative. Postmodernity’s point of convergence is the gathering, as opposed to the person. Truth, in the postmodern view, is made by instinct and feeling, making it be developed. Grenz likewise talks about both the issues postmodernity present on Christianity and the likenesses among postmodernism and Christianity. Grenz’ picture of postmodernism is precise for what society is confronting today. So as to comprehend the contrasts among innovation and postmodernism as Grenz has characterized them, first comprehension of how every wa made is required. Advancement is based around meta-accounts; stories that interface everybody together. The most significant meta-account of advancement is the generally accepted fact of science. One of the most significant builds of advancement is independence, whereupon every cutting edge scholar based their work. â€Å"Most students of history propose that the advanced time was conceived when the Enlightenment carried new plan to war-attacked Europe† (57). The Enlightenment had four standards; â€Å"Reason, nature, self-governance, and harmony† (68). These standards made the establishment for present day masterminds. Numerous cutting edge masterminds all through the time, paying little heed to their control, â€Å"Turned to the thinking subject as opposed to divine disclosure as the beginning stage for information and reflection† (65). Through these establishments set for innovation, the advanced rationalists went to science in help for their speculations. â€Å"Thinkers, for example, Descartes, Newton, and Kant gave the scholarly establishment to the advanced era† (80). Rene Descartes was one of the principal present day masterminds of his time, â€Å"often being alluded to as the dad of current philosophy† (63). At the point when Descartes irst set out on his excursion for information, he set out with question, looking for unadulterated truth that uncertainty couldn't deny (64). In the same way as other different scholars of that period, he â€Å"Attempted to present the thoroughness of numerical exhibit into all fields of knowledge,† in light of the fact that he acc epted that the realities of arithmetic were more concrete than information dependent on perception (64). Descartes inevitably arrived at the goal of his looking; the one thing that couldn't be questioned was one’s own reality. His better approach for intuition prompted an alternate standpoint of the human individual. His work characterized â€Å"The individual as intuition substance and the human individual as a self-governing normal subject† (64). This new definition upheld Augustine’s theory; â€Å"Cogito hence total †‘I think, subsequently I am,† (64). In spite of the fact that Descartes’ work didn't find subjectivity, â€Å"the boss significance of his commitment lies in his accentuation on close to home understanding and individual information, on information emerging from the individual’s interesting purpose of view† (64). His job in the Enlightenment cleared the way for his cutting edge thinking replacements. Following Descartes’ work, Newton started making his own engraving on the world, underscoring the significance of science. His work concentrated on attempting to clarify the activities of his universe that he saw as a â€Å"Grand, organized machine,† (67). Newton’s thought of the world as a machine gave the system to advancement. Newton accepted that by survey the world as a machine, he would have the option to know its developments since it would keep a lot of unmistakable laws (67). His plan drove present day masterminds to have an unthinking comprehension of the world, instead of a characteristic view (50). In spite of the fact that Newton took a gander at the logical clarifications of the world, his purpose was to clarify the presence of God. Like Descartes, Newton utilized the intensity of motivation to improve the significance of philosophy. â€Å"The current world ended up being Newton’s robotic universe populated by Descartes’ self-governing, objective substance† (67). Through Newton’s work, different logicians had the establishment expected to establish their own connections with the universe of innovation. In the long run, logicians started scrutinizing the Enlightenment and advancement all in all. Through Immanuel Kant’s work, he fortified the ties among society and advancement, which related himself with the start of the Enlightenment. Kant’s most significant commitment to advancement was his distribution of Critique of Pure Reason (57). His scrutinize reinforced the help of advancement and ended all scrutinizing of it. Kant looked to make a progressively solid stage for transcendentalism through his composition (76). He estimated that the brain is systematical in arranging sensations from the outer world. â€Å"According to Kant, the human individual isn't just an animal fit for sense experience transport likewise a good being† (77). Kant accepted that by living ethically, one lives the manner in which he wishes all individuals would live. He contended that the ethical part of human presence is basically normal (78). This perspective on presence made the domain of functional explanation, which urged other present day thinkers to focus on the individual self. This mindfulness originated from Kant presenting the possibility that oneself is â€Å"not simply the focal point of philosophical consideration however the whole topic of philosophy† (79). Through this thought, Kant guided his focus toward the individual impressive reality. Kant’s work gave future rationalists the ideas expected to comprehend and in the end deconstruct advancement. Johann Gottlieb Fichte worked off of Kant’s revelations. He acknowledged Kant’s work yet in addition â€Å"Was empowered to detonate it from the inside† (87). Fichte would not like to take out Kant’s thoughts, however rather needed â€Å"To uncover the Kantian ‘fiction’ of a target world existing in its own privilege past the self,† (87). Through his work, Kant stressed the thought â€Å"that oneself makes and decides the articles that establish its own outside world† (87). Thus, the domain that Kant professes to know through ‘pure’ reason, Fichte cases to create through the activity of ‘practical’ reason† (87). His work has made an opportunity that â€Å"is significant on the grounds that it holds the capability of freeing us from a solitary method of comprehension the world,† (88). Fichte figured out how to break up Kant’s thought of a flat out reality through â€Å"eliminating the noumenal realm† (88). Despite the fact that he neutralized Kant from multiple points of view, Fichte figured out how to maintain Kant’s idea of without a doubt oneself (87). Fichte, alongside other thinkers’, convictions prompted what is presently viewed as the postmodernism time by scrutinizing the setting of advancement and its constructors. Postmodernism is the simple dismissal of the thoughts that innovation and the Enlightenment support. The principle hypothesis that postmodernism rejects is the develop of independence. In its revilement of innovation, it likewise dismisses the advanced topic of meta-stories, with the exception of its own. The postmodern world doesn't accept that all information is acceptable, nor that information is objective. They see life on earth as delicate and accept that the proceeded with presence of mankind is reliant on another mentality of collaboration as opposed to conquest† (7). Postmodern convictions have an increasingly cynical view on the world, instead of the advanced thought. Postmoderns accept that the world is â€Å"historical, social, and personal† (7). The principle postmodern view is that everything is unique in relation to everything (7). â€Å"Many voices have joined the postmodern chorale. In any case, of these, three loom as both focal and paradigmatic †Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Richard Rorty. They establish a trio of postmodern prophets† (123). Michel Foucault was industrious in the dismissal of the cutting edge perspective. He contended that â€Å"reason and objective talk are hazardous.. , on the grounds that they necessitate that we crush the assortment of reality into the counterfeit homogeneity that obliges our concepts† (127). His aims were not to introduce the thoughts of a superior society, however to get request. This new society that Foucault introduced was called â€Å"’heterotopia,’† rather than the advanced perspective on â€Å"utopia† (20). Foucault concentrated on the association among information and force with respect to social frameworks, expressing that â€Å"every translation of the truth is a declaration of power† (6). Foucault accepted that this force was â€Å"the intensity of violence† (59). He utilized lineage to increase a superior comprehension of how we showed up to the convictions bolstered by society (135). â€Å"According to Foucault, the act of ancestry advises us that history isn't constrained by predetermination or some regulative component yet is the result of random conflicts† (136). He uncovers himself to be the model postmodern by making the affirmation that â€Å"no regular request lies behind what we create through our utilization of language† (137). Foucault gave another outlet to the recently shaped idea to be deciphered by future scholars. Ensuing to Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida reconsidered a few thoughts of postmodernism. In contrast to Foucault, Derrida had various perspectives on what was in co

European Single Currency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

European Single Currency - Essay Example Preceding its dispatch there were ambiguities however after the dispatch all the issues immediately vanished and Euro inside no time turned into a most loved among the residents living in European Countries. Generally around 320 million European residents utilize the cash and discover it truly astounding and useful in a bigger number of ways than one. Euro is utilized in practically all the European Countries however there are still exemptions like Denmark and United Kingdom who despite everything utilize their own monetary standards, the British pound is utilized in United Kingdom and the DKK also called the Danish Krone is utilized in Denmark. Perhaps the greatest bit of leeway of Euro is that it spares a ton of time and exertion of the voyagers who decide to go with Europe. For example if there is a Soccer game in Spain which a Greek resident needs to observe, he/she can simply straight away catch a flight and arrive at the Soccer arena in Spain and watch the game. There is no com pelling reason to undercover the cash into some other money. The equivalent has brought about sparing a great deal of time and exertion of the European Citizens. This was not the situation preceding the presentation of Euro. The individuals needed to trade cash from time to time to fulfill their needs yet after the presentation things have changed for better. Another significant bit of leeway is the clearness in costs at whatever point an European resident goes to another European nation it turns out to be anything but difficult to look at and purchase the results of his/her decision; this office was not accessible to the residents before the dispatch of the Euro. Prior regardless of whether a Tourist needed to purchase an item frantically, he/she was made to ponder it in light of the various monetary forms inside Europe yet nowadays there is straightforwardness in costs with respect to the monetary standards and this has just happened due to the presentation of the Euro. Euro has acquired a ton of Economic and money related security, a Businessman is substantially less inclined to chance when utilizing Euro as his/her cash. Single money keeps the swelling rate under a decent check, which is critical for an economy and the Euro does precisely that. It keeps financing costs and the pace of swelling under check consequently it very well may be said that the Euro assumes a critical job in keeping up the monetary development of the European countries. Having a solitary cash and a financial and money related association fortifies Europe's job in global fora and associations like the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development. (The Euro and You, 20 October 2008). Euro reinforces the situation of all the European nations, having a solitary cash helps a ton in the development of the nation and in this specific case Europe all in all. Euro is every now and again utilized in worldwide exchange; it has immediately become an integral part of the lives of numerous businesspeople who complete exchange everywhere scales. Nations additionally have begun utilizing Euro as the money for International exchange. A solitary money makes Europe a solid accomplice to exchange with and encourages access to a real single market for outside organizations, who will profit by lower expenses of working together in Europe. (The Euro and You, 20 October 2008). The speculators get a great deal of positive things by utilizing the Euro as their money; they get more access to fluid monetary markets and furthermore they get a

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Memory Loss

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Memory Loss OCD Print Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Memory Loss By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 14, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 10, 2019 Getty Images Credit: PhotoAlto/Ale Ventura More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions If you have obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD), you may have compulsions in which you repeat behaviors over and over again. For instance, you might have to repeatedly check to make sure that the front door is locked or that the stove is turned off. Or, you might have to repeat a ritual such as washing your hands or counting up to a certain number. Because of the repetitive nature of many OCD symptoms, there has been some suggestion that people with OCD may experience some sort of problem with memory and simply forget that they’ve already carried out their compulsion. Does Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Cause Memory Impairment? Before talking about OCD and memory it may be useful to remember that there is more than one kind of memory. For instance, memories can be stored both as words (verbal memory) and as images or pictures (non-verbal memory). In general, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that people with OCD have any problems with remembering information that has been stored verbally or in the form of words. In contrast, it has been consistently found that people with OCD show deficits in non-verbal or visual memory. For example, in comparison to people without OCD, people with OCD often have trouble accurately recalling and drawing a complex geometric shape that they have just been shown. Likewise, OCD has been linked to deficits in spatial memory such as remembering places on a map or the location of a room within a building. People with OCD are more likely to have difficulties with non-verbal or visual memory. They dont have any unusual problems with memories stored verbally or in word form. Research suggests that these deficits in non-verbal memory are probably caused by the way information is encoded in the brain. Specifically, in OCD, certain information seems to be stored and organized in a way that can make it difficult to access when it needs to be recalled. Metamemory and OCD Metamemory refers to a person’s knowledge or awareness about their own memory and how confident they are in their own memory performance. Not surprisingly, people with OCD, particularly those who have symptoms involving checking, have less confidence in their memory than those without OCD. Also, the worse OCD symptoms are, the worse this confidence in memory seems to be. Interestingly, people’s level of confidence does not seem to be related to their actual performance on memory tasks. Implications for Treatment So, what does this all mean for our understanding and treatment of OCD? Currently, it is unclear whether the changes in memory, particularly non-verbal abilities and metamemory seen in OCD, are a cause or effect of the obsessions and compulsions that go along with OCD. It is also not clear whether such changes are specific to OCD or whether they may apply to all anxiety disorders. As such, it is difficult to know whether targeting memory problems would be of any value in the treatment of OCD symptoms. Clearly, much more research is needed in this area. A Word From Verywell It is well established that major depression can cause  problems with memory and concentration and it is possible that the memory problems seen in OCD are actually related to the overlap of symptoms between depression and OCD, which often occur together. Thus far, most studies looking at memory and OCD have not done a good job controlling for the effects of depression on memory.

The Development of Computers Essay - 1473 Words

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS 1945-2013 What is machine before year 1935, it was an individual who do the number juggling estimations. Between year of 1935- 1945, definition alluded to machine, as opposed to an individual. The machine is focused around von Neumanns idea where gadget can accessto information, forms information, saves information, and produces output.it has experienced from vacuum tube to transistor, to the microchip.microchip starts conversing with modem. Nowdays we trade content, sound, photographs and films in a natures turf. Machines additionally has an exceptionally essential influence in our lives and with such a large number of late innovations, no one can claim to have sole obligation regarding their†¦show more content†¦Von Neumann planned the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) in 1945 with a memory to hold both a put away program and in addition information. This put away memory strategy and also the restrictive control exchange, that permitted the workstation to be halted sometime or another and afterward continued, took into account more amazing adaptability in machine programming. The key component to the von Neumann construction modeling was the focal transforming unit, which permitted all machine capacities to be facilitated through a solitary source. In 1951, the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer), manufactured by Remington Rand, turned into one of the first monetarily accessible machines to exploit these developments. Both the U.s. Statistics Bureau and G eneral Electric claimed Univacs. One of UNIVACs amazing early accomplishments was foreseeing the victor of the 1952 presidential decision, Dwight D. Eisenhower. 1946: Mauchly and Presper leave the University of Pennsylvania and get financing from the Census Bureau to manufacture the UNIVAC, the first business workstation for business and government applications.eniac - Worlds first electronic, expansive scale, universally useful machine, constructed by Mauchly and Eckert, and initiated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. ENIAC reproduced on an advanced machine chip. See a clarification of ENIAC on a Chip by the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania.Show MoreRelatedThe Development Of Computer Development1631 Words   |  7 PagesTHE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER FROM 1980 TO 2014 The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of figuring out/ calculating devices. A generation refers to the state of improvement in the product development process. This term is also used in the different advancements of new computer technology. With each new generation, the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the previous generation before it. As a result of the making somethingRead MoreThe Development of Computers Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment of computer What is computer? According to Wikipedia, computer is a device that can be programmed to do a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. It is started with the basic device to perform a mathematic problem which is known as Abacus. Computer has been developing year by year and we have seen a lot of generation or development of computer nowadays. The first generation of computer starting from years 1940-1950, this can be called as the first electronic computer.Read MoreDevelopment of Personal Computers2502 Words   |  11 PagesThe Development of Personal Computers The history of the computer goes back hundreds of years. From the abacus through the modern era the evolution of computers has involved many innovative individuals. It was out of this desire to innovate many fascinating tabulating machines developed. The modern computer, therefore, evolved from an amalgamation of the genius of many individuals over a long period of history. Many people shaped the world by making the efforts to develop technology. Read MoreOn the Development of Quantum Computers and Cryptography1383 Words   |  6 PagesOn the Development of Quantum Computers and Cryptography In 2010, the United States government, after accessing encrypted files by means of physical intervention, exposed ten Russian sleeper agents; in 2013, the United States government, without any means of physical intervention, surreptitiously collected and promptly decrypted many previously encrypted (Wood). Within this decade, concerns regarding the dubious security of contemporary cryptography will begin to emerge as the secrets of quantumRead MoreHistory of the Development of Computers Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesDEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS As we are stepping towards the era of 2020, man have consistently been innovative and creative in developing and improving technology for various sectors to make the world a better place for us to live in. If we look closely today, the development of IT and Computer sector and its application have greatly influenced various other sectors like telecommunication, transport, agriculture, labour, finance, etc to be more efficient and effective at their work. Computers haveRead MoreThe History of Computer Development Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesEvery generation of computer experienced a major technological development that basically changed the way computers operate, thus resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices .The history of computer development is always referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. The first generation (1940-1956) is the Vacuum Tubes. The first generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for their memoryRead MoreComputer Hardware Developments That Affect The Business Use Of Computers1011 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion Four What are several important computer hardware developments that you expect to happen in the next 10 years? How will these affect the business use of computers? Hardware is any type of computer system that contains circuit boards, ICs, along with other electronics. 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This meant many developments ended up beingRead MoreRecent Development in Computer Technology2872 Words   |  12 PagesRecent Development in Computer Technology Tablet Computer: A tablet computer, or simply tablet, is a complete mobile computer, larger than a mobile phone or personal digital assistant, integrated into a flat touch screen and primarily operated by touching the screen. It often uses an onscreen virtual keyboard or a digital pen rather than a physical keyboard. Electrical devices with data input and output on a flat information display have existed as early as 1888. Throughout the 20th century manyRead MoreEssay about History of the Development of Computers1478 Words   |  6 Pages In this world the development is consider to be the most important factor because human beings tends to invent and create new things so that they can compete with each other in their own field of work . Moreover, the people whom chooses their field which is relevant to computer appliances in their daily life also thinks the same and the develop the improvement of the computer from time to time until the computer technology reaches the development that we does not imagine before. When we think

Education As A Social Function - 991 Words

. According to John Dewey education plays a large role in the development of an individual and it is an element that separates humans from other animals. It is important to try to comprehend what Dewey means by this and in order to do so the following must be done. First, one must understand the role education plays in an individual and Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction and social function. Second, after comprehending Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction, and social function, one must be able to grasp the distinction between education as a social function and the simple notion of training and what sets these two apart. Third, after being able to comprehend the notions of education and the distinction between education as a social function and training, the idea of why education is distinctive of human life will be further developed. Now, it is necessary to understand Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction, and social function; a brief summary of each will be given. The first notion of education that will be addressed, is that of education in the area of growth. Dewey makes it clear that education does not consist of routine and that routine only hinders an individual’s growth (in the area of learning) (Dewey 53). Dewey believed immaturity to be the primary condition of growth; he furthers this idea by redefining the meaning of immaturity as the potential, capacity, or power to grow and not as aShow MoreRelatedAssess the view that the main function of the education system is to reproduce and legitimise social inequalities930 Words   |  4 PagesThe education system has faults and many inequalities throughout it. The inequalities can be seen in many different areas including, meritocracy, different social classes, gender and ethnic inequalities, racism, cultural capital, and repressive state apparatuses etc. Various sociologists have different views about the education system and what the inequalities consist of. The neo-Marxist Althusser (1971) disagrees that the main function of the education is the transmission of common values. HeRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Education Theory And Practice Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesSOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES AND THEIR APPLICABILITY IN EDUCATION THEORY AND PRACTICE Presented by: NDUNG’U M. JOSEPH 2016/ED/33284 To MRS. R. GITONGA APRIL 2016 1.1 Overview The word theory merely refers to a particular kind of explanation. Leedy and Ormrod (2005) point out: â€Å"A theory is an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon†. Thus, theories explain â€Å"How† and â€Å"Why† something operates as it does (Johnson Christensen, 2007). As statedRead MoreThe Function Of Education By Sociologists And Educators874 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction American education serves both political (power) and economic needs, which dictates the function of education. Today, there is a huge debate on the function of education by sociologists and educators. Specifically this paper will not only address the functions of education but also, educational issues that affect both spectrums of society. Because it is known that education does promote social inequality through the use of tracking and standardized testing and the impact of its hiddenRead MoreThe Latent Functions of Education685 Words   |  3 PagesManifest and latent functions of education Education can be defined as a learning process in which a student and a teacher are involved. The work of the teacher is to pass on the message to the student while the student understands and applies what has been taught. It is also considered as a process of developing skills, knowledge and character of an individual. Education, whether formal or informal, has a function both to the individual and the society, these functions are either manifest or latentRead MoreThe Importance Of Education And Medicine1004 Words   |  5 PagesTwo very important aspects of every society are education and medicine. Education is defined as â€Å"the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills and cultural norms and values† (Macionis). It’s about much more than learning about math and grammar. Education has many functions that go beyond what it’s formally intended to do. Medicine is defined as  "the social institution that focuses on fighting disease and improving health†Read More Marxist Perspective on Education Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pages Education system is seen as an important part of the superstructure in society. This statement was written in a Marxism perspective by individuals who see education not just an important part of the superstructure but as well an important aspect in a child life. Even though Karl Marx himself did not widely write about education, many of his followers did. This paper will look at how class and alienation which is a theory that Karl Marx wrote, plays a part in education and a general look at the perspectiveRead MoreSocial Institutions And Its Impact On Society1602 Words   |  7 PagesIn the context of the overall development of an individual, social institutions in a society play an important role. There are some major social institutions which have considerable impacts on the lives of the members of society, such as religion and education. These institution act as the means of providing opportunity for the overall development of individuals. In this regard it can be said that â€Å"The role of religion is to remind republican citizens of their duties to and reliance upon God. VirtueRead MoreIn A Postmodern Industrialized Nation Like The United States1424 Words   |  6 Pageskind of personal freedom and individual success that has been fundamental for advancing our society in the past. This means that as far as the U.S. citizen is concerned, everyone should be given the opportunity to educate themselves and improve their social and economic position to the best of their ability. As Americans, we should have the right to make our own personal contribution to our society. This is the fabric that holds our nation together. It has been woven historically into our culture, andRead MoreFunctionalist And Conflict Paradigm Of The Role Schooling And Education1580 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. once said that â€Å"the function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education†. When we think of schooling and education and what it really entails many might assume it serves the same function. In this essay we shall elaborate on the views of the functionalist and conflict paradigm of the role schooling and education, we will also look at the differences and similarities of the two theoriesRead MoreImpact Of Social Institutions On Caribbean Culture1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent social institutions: family, education, political systems †¢ Understand the main ideas of the Marxist and Functionalist perspectives †¢ Understand the Marxist and perspective on social institutions Functionalist Social Institutions †¢ Social Institutions are a fundamental part of the operations of society. They are the major organising framework in social life. Social institutions have evolved overtime and therefore embody what the society holds valuable in relation to family, education, religion

Music Lyrics Do Not Promote Violence Free Essays

Music Lyrics being NON-VIOLENT Rap music can be considered a style of art, and a way for the artists to express feelings through their words on paper. However, there are quite a few rap artists that get criticized for their lyrics. In my essay, I want to discuss why rappers use certain lyrics in their music and why people shouldn’t believe that it causes violence among the younger generations. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Lyrics Do Not Promote Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now People shouldn’t censor the music just because of violent, vulgar and abusive messages it promotes to the world. I believe in my own mind, that there is a reason for these types of lyrics that rap artists use and I will simply explain those reasons in this essay. Rap has been called one of the most important music forces to emerge in two decades. It’s pounding beats and staccato rhymes exploded on the streets of the urban America in the early 1980s and since have become the theme music and lyrical heart of the vibrant youth culture called hip-hop ( SIRS 1993). There are many different types of rap artist. There are some that talk about money, some talk about righteousness, and the list goes on and on. Every rap artist had their own way of expressing themselves. There are those that talk about sex, drugs, and violence who receive the negative attention( SIRS 1993). People, think this so- called gangster rap is a bad influence on children in the world and that it promotes violence and that it also is abusive to women. Delores Tucker, head of national congress of black women has been among those pressuring different record companies to stop distributing gangster rap music. There were other significant names that participated in this action. Names like Senate Majority leader Bob dole, and former education Secretary William J. Bennett(Surveys, pg. 1). There are some rap artists that have been openly criticized for their lyrics. Rappers like Lil Kim, Too Short, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and a member from â€Å"Too Live Crew,† named Luke Skywalker. These rap artists in the past have been appointed for the things they say in their music. Lil Kim talks about sex in her music, Too Short talks about drugs, sex, and how much of a pimp he is, and Luke Skywalker talks about girls and sex. The lyrics that these rap artist use in their music might not be suitable for everybody to listen to but I don’t think their music should be banned or criticized because you don’t have to listen to it if you don’t choose to. Rap music, how much influence does it really have on it’s youthful listeners? Many, from record company executives to high school students agree that it plays a critical role in the lives of many tans, affecting the way they dance, dress and speak(SIRS 1993). Personally, I feel that rap music is a form of art. I think it takes a great deal of talent to write lyrics that rap artists write, because you have to use metaphors and similes, and at the same time get your point across so the listeners can understand. I give rappers a great deal of credit because I know it took them a long time to get where their at today, and I know it takes a tremendous amount of time to write a song. It’s also true and I strongly agree with that rap artists use lyrics that reflect on their childhood and the way they grew up. That could be the reason why gangster rappers and rappers talk about sex, drugs, and violence in their music because that was what they were exposed to through out their life. Rap artists generally write about what they know because it is easier to write about things and situations that you know, and if sex, drugs and violence is what you know about, then you are going to write about situations that involve those subjects. Not just write about them in hopes to cause more violence in our world. Young rap fans caution it is wrong and simplistic to believe music can dictate their actions. Upbringing and circumstance steer a child’s behavior, they say, not a record on a turntable or a performer posturing on stage(Newsweek, 1998). There are other reasons why gangster rappers should not be criticized for their lyrics. One reason is that I would rather hear gangster rappers talk about violence on the streets than them actually going out on the streets and participate in the violence. Another reason why rappers shouldn’t be criticized is because the world was violent long before rap was invented, and it is not rap music that is making the world more violent then it is already. I strongly believe that people have the freedom of choice to listen to rap music and if you don’t like what rap artists talk about, then you do not have to listen to the music. If people didn’t have a choice that would be one thing, but as long as people have a choice to do or not to do something then they shouldn’t try to criticize it. To me, rap music is more than a strain. It is the reflection of horrible suffering, struggle and pain of the ghetto life. I feel that art reflects life, so I ask myself why aren’t the National Black leaders like Delores Tucker, more concerned about where the source of rap music exists than the work denuding these types of harsh conditions(SIRS 1993). â€Å" I think that kids know the difference between right and wrong, music and reality. They know it’s not right to go kill somebody and if there driven to that, that’s not the fault of the music,† says Jon Shecter, editor of The Source, a rap magazine(SIRS 1993). If the people throughout the world that criticize gangster rap music would begin to really care then they would try to find and fix the conditions that this art of music comes from and stop criticizing the artist. In other words, the abusive language and rise of violence found in most gangster rap songs are the reality of our present day society. Americans should be mature enough to realize that not talking about something won’t cause it to go away. People talk about the violence of gangster rap music, but look at the violence we see on television everyday, on almost every channel you turn to. Violence is everywhere, you might see or hear something violent every day of your life, whether it is on television, radio or in real life. Violence has been existing for hundreds and hundreds of years, gangster rap music hasn’t remotely made violence more intense or worse than it already is( Surveys, pg. 1). So is it then fair to pin point rap music and blame it’s lyrics on the violence happening around the world? Teen-agers, both black and Latino, say it is the driving beat that attracts them and many other young people to rap. That, and the music’s honesty(SIRS 1993). It’s not the guns and drugs that make them like the music. The rappers aren’t saying to solve a problem you must kill, they are just stating what they know. In which, ever since they were young, that violence around them always ends in a shooting or stabbing, so is it right to blame them for singing about it when really they learned it from television? Sex in rap music shouldn’t be criticized either because look at all the pornography that is in the world today. There are magazines that are being sold nearly everywhere. They have triple X rated movies that could be purchase and you could rent these kind of movies at your nearest video store(Showbiz, pg. 1). So, lyrics that talk about sex can’t hardly be no worse than the movies and magazines being sold all over the world today. When rappers talk about drugs in their songs, they could be talking about how drugs were used in their neighborhoods growing up, and maybe they had to sell drugs for a while to put food on their table( Newsweek 1998). I feel, people get confused about what the rap artist is trying to say to people. They are missing the whole point. Just because rap artists talk about drugs in their songs doesn’t mean they are actually selling the drugs or using the drugs. These rap artists are making thousands of dollars just by making records, why would they go out and sell drugs? That doesn’t make any sense. There are plenty of artists that are positive, and speak positive aspects in their music about life, like A Tribe Called Quest, the Roots, De La Soul, and many others. So for those that think that rap music has a negative effect on children, and people in the world, there are a lot of rappers that speak unity, and things that are positive about life(Showbiz, pg2). If a person could listen to some of these positive rap artists, they could learn about life. There have been plenty of times where I was in a terrible mood or I was upset about something, and I popped in a CD of a rapper, and after I was finished listening to the CD I felt much better. The words and phrases used, are words of actual life events and the positive things or outcomes of them. In conclusion, I speak in favor of gangster rap, and I don’t think people should criticize these rap artists because they are speaking the truth. Situations they’ve been in are shown through their lyrics and we need to try to find the source of the problem instead of criticizing the person speaking about the problem. Drugs, Sex, and Violence are what gangster rappers are considered to be glorifying, but drugs, sex, and violence was in effect long before rap music was even thought of and so we shouldn’t use the type of music against the type of behavior caused by teens around the world. Word Count: 1667 How to cite Music Lyrics Do Not Promote Violence, Papers

Loblaws Case Study Essay Example

Loblaws Case Study Essay Inc.Loblaws companies limited Loblaw Company Limited is currently Canadian’s market leader in the grocery sector including holding the 24th spot of the world’s top grocery retailer. While Loblaw seems to be doing very well due to the fact that they have a big portion of the market share, but it may not be for long when Wal-Mart becomes one its major competitors. Wal-Mart has decided to expand its business by entering the grocery sector in the Canadian market. Loblaw’s current issue is the affect that the entrance of Wal-Mart in the grocery sector will have on their current position and if they can remain in business with their presence. Loblaw needs to decide what their next move will be in order to stay competitive with its newest competitor, who seems to dominate in most of the sectors it partakes in. Recommended Decision It is recommended that Loblaw continues what they are currently doing and in the process improving their services. They need to focus on their current strengths and work on fixing its weaknesses. Decision Options In order to remain competitive in a market segment that Wal-Mart is entering into, Loblaw should do at least one of these suggestions: * Improve its distribution system, Compete with Wal-Mart by following some of the same strategies and adding non-food items to the store, * Add new services such has online grocery shopping and self-serve check-outs, or * Continue with what they are currently doing and improving while in the process Decision Criteria The reasoning behind my decision of Loblaw doing what they are currently doing and improving at the same time, is the fact that they are doi ng very well and by changing it may affect their current financial position. It has been proven that stores that try to compete with Wal-Mart have suffered, such has K-Mart. We will write a custom essay sample on Loblaws Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Loblaws Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Loblaws Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Other companies, like Best-Buy and Staples, have been able to stay competitive and increase their net income without having to bring in new departments to their stores. It is possible for Loblaw to continue what they are currently doing but it will require them to make some improvements. Proof of Recommended Option Although the entrance of Wal-Mart in the grocery sector is new in Canada it isn’t new to our neighbours to the South, the United States. Although they have took a big majority of the market and is the number one top food retailer it has not prevented other grocery retailers to compete with them. Kroger’s, Supervalu, and Safeway are just some of the few grocery retailers present in the states. These retailers have been able to maintain and increase their sales every year since the presence of Wal-Mart. Some factors that have helped in this is that Wal-Mart stores are mostly situated in the farthest part of town because of their needs of big pieces of property, which made these stores more favourable due to the fact that they were situated in more favourable areas, and the demand for food increases on an yearly basis, which there was more room for competitors. None of these previously mentioned stores have added new departments to their stores which prove that there is no need to compete against Wal-Mart. It would be beneficial to Loblaw to continue what it is currently doing due to the fact that it has many strengths, as seen in Exhibit 1, and that is what has made them the number one grocery retailer in Canada. Control Label Products Currently Loblaw has its own private label product under the name of President Choice. As stated in the case, Loblaw has been able to persuade its consumers towards its control labelled products instead of the well known brand name products because of the lower prices. Once you start liking a certain product, especially when it’s at lower price, it’s a lot easier to pry yourself from trying other similar products, due to the fact that you already know you love the product and you don’t want wasting money on a product that you aren’t sure if you’re going to like. Although Wal-Mart has its own control label product, it may be too late for them to get the current PC product users for the simple fact that the cost of these products are low in cost, its already familiar to consumer and the use of customer loyalty programs. With producing their own products, they are able to avoid buying marked-up goods which will reduce their costs, it can control the amount of units produced, and the make their own marketing strategies that the can use to increase sales. Having control label products can reduce cost, providing consumers with lower priced items while keeping gross margin he same or higher, and producing customer loyalty which will keep consumers from shopping elsewhere due to the love of the product offered. Wide Product Range Loblaw has a range of products including from fruit and vegetables, fresh meat, bakeries, wide variety of shelf items, organic foods, ready-made meals, multi-cultural food items, a pharmacy department, and photo labs. Altho ugh Wal-Mart has a food department, a pharmacy, and photo labs, only its Supercentre have meat, vegetables and fruits, and bakeries on site. By not offering full services of what is present in a regular grocery store, Wal-Mart may lose possible consumers, which will be a benefit for Loblaw. Leading presence Loblaw is currently the leader in the market share and it can continue to be as long has it stays competitive to Wal-Mart. In the US, Kroger remained the number one grocery retailer in the States until 2002. Wal-Mart’s grocery department was first introduced in the States in 1988 which means that there is some time for Loblaw to continue its competitive edge against Wal-Mart before they dominate in the Canadian market. Customer Loyalty Program This factor will probably be the most important factor that will help Loblaw maintains its current market share. Currently Wal-Mart doesn’t have a customer loyalty program for its customers. The customer loyalty program was launched with President’s Choice Financial, where customers receive points when they shop at any Loblaw chain store. With the collected points, customers can exchange them for free groceries. This persuades customers to stay at Loblaw because they receive something in return for shopping there. Location of Stores Wal-Mart stores are mainly situated in the far-end of towns due to the fact that they need the wide space in order to be able to offer all of its services. Due to the less needed space, Loblaw stores are situated in preferable spots. When in a rush people tend to go to the nearest location to purchase what they need, and when it comes to buying food items, most cities have more than one option and they will pick the one that is nearest to them. Although Wal-Mart may have some favourable prices over some at Loblaw, the price of gas and time is not worth the small amount of savings. The disadvantage of only focusing with continuing what they are currently doing is that they may lose the opportunity to grow. By not choosing any of the other options, they can possibly be losing on increase number of sales, getting new consumers into the store, being more efficient and in the process reducing cost. If Loblaw continues to keep working on maintaining and keeping its strengths, it will be able to compete with Wal-Mart. It may lose its spot as the number one Canadian Grocery Retailer but it does not mean that it will be seeing decreases in its net income due to the fact that the annual demand keeps increasing, which means there is room for both competitors. Also by not spending their money on the other options, it will be able to save for the future which is one of the company’s strategies that seems to be working. Although they are not fixing their current weaknesses such has improving technology, which will be discussed below under improving its distribution system, they are currently working effectively without the use of technology. Having unionized workers can increase cost and create some conflicts in the organization but it is better than having higher employee turnover and they are currently dealing with the issues. Critique of Options Loblaw has other option other than sticking with what they are currently doing. In the next paragraphs you will see the advantages and disadvantage of the other options they have: Improving its distribution system Currently Loblaw is behind on their technology. Many other similar stores have implemented Radio Frequency Identification technology in their organization, which Loblaw has not. The advantages of improving their distribution system, is that they can have better control on their inventory and it may improve their communication with suppliers and warehousing employees. The implementation of technology usually helps reduce cost in future years. The disadvantage of improving their distribution system is that it is costly at the beginning and this money could be used in other aspect of the organization. Technology is not always reliable; there is always a possibility of a break-down, when this happens there could be an extra cost, some information may get lost, and they may not being able to function as effectively. Although it is something that Loblaw should check into doing in order to be more efficient, it shouldn’t be one of its priorities considering that they have been able to have only 34 warehouses for delivering to 8766 stores, which gives a ratio of 257:1 while Wal-Mart at the most is 100:1 and they currently using the Radio Frequency Identification system. So although technology helps the efficiency of certain organization, it seems that this company is doing pretty well without it and the implementing new technology may cause more harm than good. Competing with Wal-Mart The advantages of competing with Wal-Mart are that Loblaw would be offering more products to its consumers, there would be another source of income coming into the company that they never had before such has clothing, electronics, etc and it can attract new customers. The disadvantage of competing with Wal-Mart is that they have been known has having the lowest price in any department stores. Kmart tried to compete with them and ended up having to declare bankruptcy. Bringing in new product that Wal-Mart already has will cause some major challenges for Loblaw, considering Wal-Mart have really low prices on some of their items due to the fact that they have an active power over their suppliers which they receive their products at a low price, in which in return they pass-on the savings to their customers, which Loblaw will not be able to do due to the fact that they don’t have a relationship with these suppliers. There will also be an increase cost for them, due to the fact they will have to expand current location in order to be able to carry their new items, in which also will require bigger warehousing units in order to have stoke ready for demands. They will also have to focus on their new departments which may lead to neglect in their grocery department. It is not recommended for Loblaw to compete with Wal-Mart because they may need to move in less favourable areas due to the fact that they will need an increase in space for the new merchandise, they would need to compete with the low price of departmental products that Wal-Mart currently has, and the fact that their main product may suffer due to neglect. Adding New Services Self-service check-out reduces time due to the fact that one employee can run more than one checkout which increases the number of customer being served rather than having one cashier serving one customer at a time. Having this service reduces the number of employees which will help save in the long-run. Some customers like having the privacy aspect of it because they do not like having other people knowing what they are buying. The disadvantage that Loblaw would have to face would be the union. As stated in the SWOT analysis, one of the weaknesses of Loblaw is that it is a unionized organization; the union is there to keep jobs, so it may face some challenges. The check-out runs on a weighting scale, if there is a mistake in the weighing, there can be potential sale lost to the company due to robbery. The initial cost of the new machine may prevent the company from pursuing other projects. Another service that may be beneficial to them is the implementation of online grocery shopping. The advantage of this service is that customers are able to place their orders online and get their groceries delivered to their home which gives great convenience. The disadvantage is that Loblaw will have an increase in cost such has designing a website, the cost of shipping, a lot of people might not feel comfortable with using this new technology, and program malfunction may put a temporarily shut-down on the service. Action Plan In order to continue what it is currently doing and improving at the same time, it should follow its current strategies which are mostly present in the strengths of the company. So in order to continue and improve its: Control Label Products: * Come out with new innovating control label products that are different from competitors * Analyze competitors control label products * Hiring new people in the RD sector that show some potential for innovation * Increase awareness of the product * Making coupons * Keeping low prices Offering samples in store at peak time Wide range of products * Offering specialty food items that are not available in other local stores * Keeping in stock ethnic food items * Asking customer to identify items they believe should be offered in the store * Expanding their ready-to-eat meals * Increasing kitchen size in order to have a bigger selection of readymade foods * Offering both control label brands and brand name products Customer Loyalty Progr am * Offering extra points for purchasing PC brand items * Offering the loyalty program to all consumers Currently the program is only available to PC financial customers, other customers can sign-up at the customer service desk and will receive a card in the mail that will look like a debit card and will be used to collect point and be redeemable to purchase groceries. PC point users who aren’t a PC financial customer will be required to collect more points. Location of store * A major advantage that Loblaw has is that it own 63% of its stores, it should continue investing in buying good located properties in order to maintain its current advantage. Loblaw should be in constant contact with local realtors to find potential new locations with high traffic and big space availability. * In an article, the author, B. Martens, stated that a Wal-Mart take over can be prevented, if the current companies could make themselves known by increasing the number of stores in that city, so continuous store openings will help on defeating its new major competitor. Analysis All of the elements in the action plan come together to form, the Porter’s Five Forces, as presented in Exhibit 2. By being able to have control label products, it is able to have power over its suppliers by having other products of similarity which prevents suppliers from overpricing their products. Due to the fact that Loblaw and its competitors have a strong presence in the grocery sector, it can prevent smaller companies from entering due to the fact that they have some customer loyalty, lower price items from having private label products, and an existing relationship with their suppliers. Although consumers don’t have power over the set prices put nto place by Loblaw, they can make Loblaw charge reasonable prices by threatening to shop elsewhere. By continuous improvement and finding and making innovative products, Loblaw can prevent competitors from introducing their similar products to their current consumers. Keeping prices low of their current control label product will prevent its consumers looking elsewhere for substitute items. If Loblaw continues what it’s doing and ta kes advantage of the increase demand for the grocery market it will continue to succeed even if it’s at a lower market rate.

Introduction About Angiosperms

Introduction About Angiosperms Anatomy is a study of the internal structure of organs. There are between 200 000 and 300 000 different species of angiosperms (flowering plants) known. In comparison with other organisms, only insects number more species than angiosperms. Although a wide variety of flowering plants occur on earth, all have more or less the same structure and consist of three basic organs: roots, stems and leaves.Angiosperms are divided, according to certain characteristics which you studied in std.7, into two large groups, viz. Dicotyledoneae and Monocotyledoneae. In this section I shall refer to the former group as dicotyledons and the latter group as monocotyledons. In this chapter you will learn more about the anatomyRootsThe root system of a flowering plant begins its development from the hypocotyl of the embryo of the seed which gives rise to the primary root. Roots generally grow downwards into the soil (positively geotropic) and upwards (negatively geotropic).Figure 3Roots do not bear leaves and therefore no nodes are present.Two kinds of root systems can be distinguished in flowering plants: tap root systems andadventitious root systems. Usually dicotyledons posses tap root systems and monocotyledons adventitious root systems.Tap Root System: The primary root grows vertically down into the soil in the tap root system. Later lateral or secondary roots grow from this at an acute angle outwards and downwards, and from these other branches may arise. The main or primary root is known as the tap root; together with its many branch roots it forms a tap root system e.g. the bean.Adventitious Root System: The primary root usually dies at an early stage and is replaced by numerous roots that develop from the stem. These roots, which develop from the stem, are...

Quotes from Grace Hopper, Computer Programming Pioneer

Quotes from Grace Hopper, Computer Programming Pioneer Rear Admiral Grace Hopper helped to develop an early computer, invented the compiler making possible higher level computer languages, and helped to define the design of the programming language COBOL. First a member of the WAVES and the US Naval Reserve, Grace Hopper retired from the Navy several times before returning and gaining the rank of Rear Admiral. Selected Grace Hopper Quotations I’ve always objected to doing anything over again if I had already done it once.   From then on, when anything went wrong with a computer, we said it had bugs in it. If its a good idea, go ahead and do it. Its much easier to apologize than it is to get permission. It is often easier to ask for forgiveness than to ask for permission. The most dangerous phrase in the language is, Weve always done it this way. Humans are allergic to change. They love to say, Weve always done it this way. I try to fight that. Thats why I have a clock on my wall that runs counter-clockwise. A ship in port is safe, but that is not what ships are for. Sail out to sea and do new things. You dont manage people, you manage things. You lead people. Leadership is a two-way street, loyalty up and loyalty down. Respect for ones superiors; care for ones crew. One accurate measurement is worth a thousand expert opinions. Some day, on the corporate balance sheet, there will be an entry which reads, Information; for in most cases, the information is more valuable than the hardware which processes it. Were flooding people with information. We need to feed it through a processor. A human must turn information into intelligence or knowledge. Weve tended to forget that no computer will ever ask a new question. There sat that beautiful big machine whose sole job was to copy things and do addition. Why not make the computer do it? That’s why I sat down and wrote the first compiler. It was very stupid. What I did was watch myself put together a program and make the computer do what I did.   To me programming is more than an important practical art. It is also a gigantic undertaking in the foundations of knowledge. They told me computers could only do arithmetic. In pioneer days they used oxen for heavy pulling, and when one ox couldnt budge a log, they didnt try to grow a larger ox. We shouldnt be trying for bigger computers, but for more systems of computers. Life was simple before World War II. After that, we had systems. We went overboard on management and forgot about leadership. It might help if we ran the MBAs out of Washington. At any given moment, there is always a line representing what your boss will believe. If you step over it, you will not get your budget. Go as close to that line as you can. I seem to do a lot of retiring. I handed my passport to the immigration officer, and he looked at it and looked at me and said, What are you? Quote About Hopper It was warm in the summer of 1945; the windows were always open and the screens were not very good. One day the Mark II stopped when a relay failed. They finally found the cause of the failure: inside one of the relays, beaten to death by the contacts, was a moth. The operator carefully fished it out with tweezers, taped it in the logbook, and wrote under it first actual bug found.† –Kathleen Broome Williams

Can the environment be assisted by the protection offered by human Dissertation

Can the environment be assisted by the protection offered by human rights - Dissertation Example If the basic definition of human rights is seen, then it’s a subject that is not just focused on humans but rights that arise from being human and is not concerned with anything else of nature no matter how beautiful or important position it holds in the ecosystem. The origins of the subject of human rights come from the works of Thomas Hobbes, who considered individual as an independent entity fighting to survive in a â€Å"hostile state†. Thus simply put human rights are fulfillment of an individual’s dreams and aspiration in any way possible. So by gauging from Hobbs understanding of the term human rights it can be deduced that the theory of human rights would have problems with dealing more than one human around as it is so focused on a single human and his rights. Many have argued that it has been very difficult for human rights theory itself, to combat, two very important concept, firstly individualism, which is the core of the theory and secondly, that all human should be able to live self fulfilling lives and get along with each other. To overcome this problem of narcissism and secure support for â€Å"marginalized people†, in the past human rights activist have compared the plights of such people to animals like, the aborigines in Australia or the native American, when it is said not to treat them like animals. However, this is at the expense of the animals or any non human life form and implies that it is completely alright to mistreat non human life forms. Thus, it is argued that if a theory has such difficulties in being able to allow all humans to be covered by the basic human rights that it has to take the support of mistreatment of animals to make any progress then it would definitely fail in providing non humans life forms any support if they... It can be seen that though the world in the past has greatly operated on the principle of anthropocentrism it has become increasingly important now to turn toward Ecocentrism. The main reason for this is that human beings of late have realized that the world’s natural resources are not infinite. Thus in order for them to be able to use these resources in the future too it is necessary for them not to exploit the resources rather use them in moderation. More over before taken any activity it is important that state and non state actors conduct a cost benefit analysis not just with themselves in perspective rather the whole community. It is also important for the developed countries to understand that if an underdeveloped country is willing to take environmentally friendly actions at the cost of its own countries development than it is necessary for them to provide the underdeveloped countries some sort of compensation. Moreover it is also necessary that further in roads should be made in rule and laws for environment protection. Additionally, it can be clearly stated that Human Rights after the Stockholm Declaration can assist environment protection. This is because by endangering the environment we violate Human Rights laws like Right to Health. However, though the support of environmentally friendly policies is strong a lack of action is seen on the front such many countries not support Kyoto Protocol.

Comparative Analysis of Keys to Successful Revenue Synergy Programmes Essay

Comparative Analysis of Keys to Successful Revenue Synergy Programmes - Essay Example That’s the reason behind companies’ preferences for achieving cost synergies at the loss of revenue synergies. It is quite interesting to know why companies do not make additional effort into recognising and providing revenue synergies although investors may give an increased level of confidence to achieve cost synergies and they show heightened awareness over revenue synergies, therefore, offer an increased value premium. Need is to provide increased insight to investors on revenue synergies so that the market could present a complete perspective of the strategic reasoning and better value as an outcome (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). Revenue increase, its criticality in valuation and its provision after acquisition can be derived by dividing various sources of revenue synergy, aimed through the acquisition, such as: expansion into a new sector; expansion into a new areas; cross-selling products and services; Advantages from intangible rights and technologies; and growth in current market share. There is need of a closer insight at the difference between cost savings and revenue increase as add-ons to success, in the context of the degree of total value of the acquisition coming through revenue synergies and through cost synergies. It needs to be clear whether a pre-completion synergy appraisal requires a detailed bottom-up process or it should be a top-down high level method. Before finalisation of the in-advance synergy appraisal, it needs to be confirmed whether synergy aims are clear to all leading stakeholders (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). Normally, there is no ambiguity relatively in the difference of drivers and expectations of M&A functions changing with time and as per the ongoing economic environment. It is interesting to observe the market behaviour after the recuperation from the recession worldwide on whether companies are currently acquiring for achieving revenue synergies or cost synergies (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). When acquisition values co rrectly show possible synergies from both cost savings and revenue increase and when these are of central concern to the management after the acquisition, the results are more possible to fulfil or exceed aspirations (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). The Kraft acquisition of Cadbury was projected to offer $1 Billion in Synergies, as declared by the Kraft Foods. The incremental revenue synergies of $1billion were excluded of $750 million to be achieved in cost synergies by 2013. These revenue synergies, according to the Kraft, would be derived from the business increase in developing regions from one/fourth of the total revenue to approximately touching one/third after the merger. A statement was made by Kraft Foods’ CFO Tim Mclevish prior to an analyst conference in New York, stating that â€Å"This combination of factors gives us great confidence that our company will generate organic revenue growth of 5% or more, margins in the mid- to high-teens and EPS growth of 9% to 11%† (Tse, 2010). The confidence of the Company management is getting reflected from the acquisition, as it expects to become a long-run high-bracket performer in the food industry world wide. Presently, the Company is earning more than 50% of its revenue from outside North America, from countries like Brazil, China, India and Mexico, where GDP and demand growth are the most firm (Tse, 2010). Kraft CEO, Irene Rosenfeld, also holds the same opinion from the â€Å"unique and complimentary combination† of Kraft and Cadbury, stating that, â€Å"

Management Structures And Organization Of Hotels

Management Structures And Organization Of Hotels This module introduces the basic concepts of hotel operations. It will help students to acquire the basic knowledge about the hotel business and its operations prior to acquiring more knowledge in the field The learner should read the ATHE resources, study the recommended text book on this unit and also do their own research. Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria Centres are free to offer this the qualifications using any mode of delivery that meets the needs of their learners. This may be through traditional classroom teaching, open learning, distance learning or a combination of these. Whatever mode of delivery is used, centres must ensure that learners have appropriate access to the resources identified in the specifications and to the subject specialists delivering the units. This is particularly important for learners studying for the qualification through open or distance learning. The lecture and seminar notes provided below are for guidance and it is up to the centre whether they use these or alternative ones. The questions at the end of each unit will form the evidence of understanding. Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria 1. Understand how to categorise the different levels of management. 1.1 Explain how the first line management level differs from middle management level. 1.2 Differentiate the variety of functions of someone who works at top management level. 2. Understand management structures and the way in which the hotel is organised. 2.1 Explain the nature and necessity of management structure in a large hotel. 2.2 Describe and illustrate an organisational structure suitable for a medium sized hotel in a city centre. 3. Understand the importance of maintaining different types of food services within a hotel. 3.1 Examine the different types of room service available for food and beverage. 3.2 Analyse the management of food service in a large hotel. 4. Understand how to appraise the various control systems within a major international hotel. 4.1 Formulate different ways of creating and storing information in a hotel. 4.2 Understand the various ways of financial control systems in a specific hotel. Introduction to Hotel Management Suggested Lesson Plan 1. Understand how to categorise the different levels of management. 1.1 Explain how the first line management level differs from middle management level. Seminar In this seminar the lecturer should discuss with the students about two different line managers as an example quality of first line management and middle line management Lecture This lecture should focus on front line staff should be highly skilled. Group discussion The lecturer should ask the students to pick the work schedule of a Laundry Manager, where teamwork was working and was disrupted by different factors, then facilitate a discussion around this. 1.2 Differentiate the variety of functions of someone who works at top management level. Lecture Explain the variety of functions in a large hotel and identify the top management ones. Seminar: Discuss the paragraph below A manager may be responsible for one functional area, but the general manager is responsible for all areas. Most commonly, the term general manager refers to any executive who has overall responsibility for managing both the revenue and cost elements of a companys income statement. This is often referred to as profit loss (PL) responsibility. This means that a general manager usually oversees most or all of the hotels marketing and sales functions as well as the day-to-day operations of the hotel. Frequently, the general manager is also responsible for leading or coordinating the strategic planning functions of the company. In many cases, the general manager of a hotel is given a different formal title or titles. Most corporate managers holding the titles of chief executive officer (CEO) or president, for example, are the general managers of their respective businesses Seminar Discuss the duties of a general manager In hotels, the General Manager is the executive manager responsible for the overall operation of a hotel establishment. The General Manager holds ultimate authority over the hotel operation and usually reports directly to a corporate office or hotel owner. Common duties of a General Manager include hiring and management of a management team, overall management of hotel staff, budgeting and financial management, creating and enforcing business objectives and goals, managing projects and renovations, management of emergencies and other major issues involving guests, employees, or the facility, public relations with the media, local governments, and other businesses, and many additional duties. The extent of duties of a hotel General Manager vary significantly depending on the size of the hotel and company; for example, General Managers of smaller hotels may have additional duties such as accounting, human resources, payroll, purchasing, and other duties that would usually be handled by other managers or departments in a larger hotel. Group Discussion Discuss issues brought up at the lecture and how will this differ with smaller hotels. 2. Understand management structures and the way in which the hotel is organised. 2.1 Explain the nature and necessity of management structure in a large hotel Lecture Lecturer will use the following structure and explain to students. A typical organizational chart for a mid-scale to large hotel: General Manager Assistant Manager or Operations Manager Director of Room Operations Front Office Manager Guest Relations Manager(s) Concierge Manager Front Desk Manager PBX Supervisor Reservations Manager Bell Services Manager Executive Housekeeper Housekeeping Manager(s) Director of Sales Marketing Senior Sales Manager Sales Manager(s) Sales Coordinator Catering Manager Revenue Manager Convention Services Manager(s) Director of Food Beverage Restaurant Manager(s) Room Service Manager Bar Manager Banquet Manager Chief Engineer Director of Human Resources Director of Security Spa Recreation Manager Accounting Manager / Controller Group Discussion Discuss issues brought up at the lecture and how this structure will differ with smaller hotels. 2.2 Describe and illustrate an organisational structure suitable for a medium sized hotel in a city centre Seminar Students will use the organisational chart shown above and then design a flow chart for a smaller hotel. 3. Understand the importance of maintaining different types of food services within a hotel. 3.1 Examine the different types of food service available for food and beverage. Lecture Teacher should explain the different types of food services available and students should then write down examples and the type of person who uses them, e.g. business lunch or quick snack. Students can use notes below. There are various types of food services. Restaurants fall into several industry classification based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing. Additionally, how the food is served to the customer helps to determine the classification. Historically, restaurant referred only to places that provided tables where one sat down to eat the meal, typically served by a waiter. Following the rise of fast food and take-out restaurants, a retronym for the older standard restaurant was created, sit-down restaurant. Most commonly, sit-down restaurant refers to a casual dining restaurant with table service rather than a fast-food restaurant where one orders food at a counter. Sit-down restaurants are often further categorized as family-style or formal. In British English, the term restaurant almost always means an eating establishment with table service, so the sit-down qualification is not usually necessary. Fast food and takeaway (takeout) outlets with counter service are not normally referred to as restaurants. Outside of North-America the terms Fast casual-dining restaurants, Family style, and Casual dining are not used. Junk food establishments would also not often be referred to as a restaurant. Group discussion After both the Seminar and Lecture the tutor/lecturer should ask the students to write down any questions they have and partake in researching those questions. The students should then bring those questions and research they have undertaken to a smaller group where debate and questioning should be encouraged 3.2 Analyse the function of food and beverage service in a large hotel. Lecture Examine the roles of the Food and Beverage department for a hotel business. The Food and Beverage (FB) department in a hotel is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the dining rooms, restaurants. room service (if available), and the needs of any other function such as a meeting or party that might desire food and beverages. SeminarWhat is the difference in the management of food and beverage services offered by a large hotel compared to a budget hotel. 4. Understand how to appraise the various control systems within a major international hotel. 4.1 Formulate different ways of creating and storing information in a hotel. Seminar Discuss how the information hotels get from guests including personal and bank cards and how they are stored in a secure way 4.2 Understand the various ways of management control systems in a specific hotel. Lecture 2 The lecture can be based on definition and examples of management control. Management controls, in the broadest sense, include the plan of organization, methods and procedures adopted by management to ensure that its goals are met. Management controls include processes for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling programme operations. A subset of management controls are the internal controls used to assure that there is prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the entitys assets.Simons (1994) defined MCS as the formal, information-based routines and procedures managers use to maintain or alter patterns in organizational activities. Seminar In this seminar the lecturer should discuss with the students utensils Inventory control of every department. Unit 2-Hotel staff Management This unit is to help students understand the importance of staffing in a hotel. Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria Importance of briefing of hotel staff Regular coaching gives staff development Appraisal and training gives motivation to staff Staff co-ordination keeps good team work within the industry Hotel staff require speaking skills Explain GMs working process of a hotel Explain all departmental heads duty rosta 1. Understand effective methods of communication for hotel managers when managing staff. 1.1 Examine the different methods of communicating with staff in a large hotel. 1.2 Analyse the importance of the management of staff coordination within a large hotel. 2. Understand hotel organisational charts 2.3 Explain why lines of authority are particularly important in a large metropolitan hotel. 2.4 Evaluate the importance of two organisational rules and regulations. 3. Understand how to review and comment on the management organisational structure of different types of hotels. 3.1 Illustrate the chain of command in a small hotel by using a Management Organisational Chart. 3.2 Explain the nature and necessity of a complex structure in a large hotel. 4. Understand progression opportunities within the hotel industry. 4.1 Analyse the career path within one department of a large hotel. 4.2 Illustrate using a diagram the place of the hotel industry as one of the components of the Tourist industry. Hotel Staff Management-Suggested lesson plan 1. Understand effective methods of communication for hotel managers when managing staff. 1.1 Examine the different methods of communicating with staff in a large hotel. Lecture The lecturer should select a large hotel and discuss the different methods of communication available for both guests and staff. This would depend on the size of the hotel. The students should then be given an assignment where they would imagine a large hotel in a city where many of the staff and guests have lesser knowledge of English and how to communicate messages. Group discussion Continue from lecture and discuss. 1.2 Analyse the importance of the management of staff within a large hotel. Lecture can be based on following notes Small- and medium-sized firms employers realise the value of their staff in driving forward business success according to a recent survey based on a telephone interviews with 500 SMEs. However, too few SMEs focus on the need to motivate staff other than by financial incentives.83% of the SME directors/senior managers surveyed see employees as their businesss most important asset, while 63% believe that attracting and retaining staff is as important to an enterprises success as providing good customer service.However, the report, People Management in Growing Companies, commissioned from MORI by gusinessHR, a SME human resource advisory specialist, also examines SMEs behaviour in terms of expenditure and policies in the light of these opinions. It reveals that SMEs are not necessarily reflecting their views in their actions.A key finding is that SMEs are concerned with their employees job satisfaction and staff motivation, but as many as 86% feel that financial incentives salary and b enefits will do the trick in attracting and retaining staff. Only 28% cited good training and development opportunities for employees as important, with just 25% viewing achieving a good balance between work and home life as significant. An overview of SME human resource policies illustrated that they tended more towards protecting the employer than nurturing the employee. 96% have formal employment contracts, 93% have disciplinary/dismissal procedures, and 88% have health and safety assessment audits and grievance procedures. Only about three-quarters have staff training and development plans and less than two-thirds have a formal appraisal system in place.Businesshr managing director Ian Stobie commented, Skills shortages and the rising costs of recruiting staff mean that it is vital for SMEs to retain key staff if companies wish to grow. Throwing money at someone who is bored will not buy their commitment or ensure consistent, outstanding performance. Interestingly, the larger SMEs (those with over 100 employees) tended to be more concerned about motivating and retaining staff, and their productivity, and placed more value than smaller companies on training and self-development, as well as having more systems and policies in place which motivate and support employees. 91% of larger SMEs have staff handbooks, 85% training and development plans and 80% have an appraisal system.Manager of Advisory Services at businesshr, Tom OReilly, explained, you can think like a corporate but on a smaller scale. SMEs need to get to the root of the issues that affect their employees [rather than just increasing their salaries, for example].There are a variety of sources to tap about human resources issues, but a useful starting point for smaller businesses, is the Small Business Advice Service, managed by the Department of Trade and Industry. Its website is at www.businessonline.org . For a copy of the report, visit www.businesshr.net/businesshr_27cApril.pdf .With thanks to Lloyds TSB Success4Business. For more news and information visit www.success4business.com © 2010 Association of Tourism Hospitality Executives Group discussion Discuss and answer questions on case study. 2.Understand hotel organisational charts 2.1 Explain why lines of authority are particularly important in a large metropolitan hotel. Lecture Organizational structure involves, in addition to task organizational boundary considerations, the designation of jobs within an organization and the relationships among those jobs. There are numerous ways to structure jobs within an organization, but two of the most basic forms include simple line structures and line-and-staff structures. In a line organization, top management has complete control, and the chain of command is clear and simple. Examples of line organizations are small businesses in which the top manager, often the owner, is positioned at the top of the organizational structure and has clear lines of distinction between him and his subordinates. The line-and-staff organization combines the line organization with staff departments that support and advise line departments. Most medium and large-sized firms exhibit line-and-staff organizational structures. The distinguishing characteristic between simple line organizations and line-and-staff organizations is the multiple layers of management within line-and-staff organizations. The following sections refer primarily to line-and-staff structures, although the advantages and disadvantages discussed apply to both types of organizational structures. Several advantages and disadvantages are present within a line-and-staff organization. An advantage of a line-and-staff organization is the availability of technical specialists. Staff experts in specific areas are incorporated into the formal chain of command. A disadvantage of a line-and-staff organization is conflict between line and staff personnel. Group discussion Questions and discussion relating to case study. 2.2 Evaluate the importance of two organisational rules and regulations. Seminar In this seminar the lecturer should discuss different organisational rules and regulations. Group discussion After both the Seminar and Lecture the tutor/lecturer should ask the students to write down any questions they have and partake in researching those questions. The students should then bring those questions and research they have undertaken to a smaller group where debate and questioning should be encouraged 3. Understand how to review and comment on the management organisational structure of different types of hotels. 3.1 Illustrate the chain of command in a small hotel by using a Management Organisational Chart. Lecture This lecture should focus on General Managers working process of a hotel increase business Seminar In this seminar the lecturer should discuss about duty rosta of departmental heads 3.2 Explain the nature and necessity of a complex structure in a large hotel. Lecture This lecture should focus on explain types of chain association and classify types of chain association Seminar In this seminar the lecturer should discuss explain the management contract in a large hotel. 4 Understand progression opportunities within the hotel industry. 4.1 Analyse the career path within one department of a large hotel Lecture This can be based as below. Career in the Hotel Industry Overview There are numerous job opportunities available within the hotel industry due to the many different departments that contribute to the smooth running of an establishment. These include both front and back of house operations such as housekeeping, maintenance, reception, and food and beverage. Additionally, all hotels need a manager and some have individual department managers reporting to a general manager, thus providing opportunities for promotion. Also, the larger chains will often employ area managers who are responsible for the management of a network of hotels. No matter what position you undertake within a hotel, the primary focus of the role will be to ensure that optimum service standards are delivered to guests and visitors to the premises. On the reception desk, you are the first point of contact for guests checking in and out of the hotel, and will therefore have to deal with enquiries and complaints on a daily basis. In the restaurant and bar areas, you are responsible for the quality of food and beverages served to the guests. As a housekeeper, you are accountable for the condition of the bedrooms and the public areas of the hotel. Hotel managers are accountable for all hotel functions as well as the administrative and accounting duties associated with the management of the premises. Additionally, hotels with bars must be compliant with statutory licensing regulations and it is the responsibility of the manager to ensure that this is maintained. Due to the nature of the business, working in a hotel involves unsociable hours with many hotels often busier at weekends and on public holidays. It is essential to be passionate about customer service and all customer-facing roles require excellent communication and interpersonal skills. Hotel managers need to have strong business acumen and the ability to implement effective marketing strategies to enable the hotel to remain profitable in what is a highly competitive industry sector. There will always be complaints received from guests and customers so a professional approach is important as is the ability to deal diplomatically and tactfully with any incidents that occur. Entry requirements The hotel industry is one that benefits more from the personality traits of its staff rather than their standard of education, although for progression to management level it is possible to undertake HNC, HND and degree qualifications in Hotel and Hospitality Management. Most of the larger hotel chains, including Marriott, Travelodge, Ramada and Best Western, offer training courses leading to the achievement of NVQs or SVQs in Hospitality Service, Hospitality Supervision and Hospitality Management. Progression opportunities At entry level, the hotel industry is not necessarily one that pays particularly well although this does improve with progression to management level. Some of the larger hotel chains also have establishments in other countries so if you have a desire to work overseas, the hotel industry can offer excellent opportunities to those willing to learn a foreign language. Seminar In this seminar the lecturer should discuss a career in a specific department e.g. housekeeping. 4.2 Illustrate, using a diagram, the place of the hotel industry as one of the components of the Tourist industry. Lecture This can be based on following case study In the modern times, the way people spend their vacations has undergone a great change. People like to spend good times with family and friend while at the same time exploring various tourist places across the globe. As a result the tourism industry across the globe has seen an unprecedented growth which in turn has also resulted in tremendous growth in the hotel and accommodation facilities. Comfortable hotels and accommodation facilities play a very important role in popularizing any tourist destination. If a person, who is quite far away from home, gets to enjoy the same facilities and comforts as he enjoys at his home, then he is bound to become attached to the place. On the other hand if the tourist ends up at a place where the hotels and accommodation facilities are not satisfactory, it is quite likely that he might never return to that place. Perhaps that is why, hotels and accommodation facilities being made available at different tourists spots, have shifted the focus to providing maximum comfort to tourists at reasonable rates. It is also vital to provide comfortable accommodation to people from diverse economical backgrounds. While five star hotels can cater to the needs of affluent visitors, small and medium range hotels and lodging houses are available for use by a middle class traveler. Blog reviews are also vital in that information about all the hotels and accommodation facilities available in a particular tourism spot are available to people quite easily. For this there can be no better option than internet, as most tourist gain information about the hotels and accommodation facilities through this medium only. The other ways are by making booklets containing information about the hotels and accommodation facilities available at train and bus stations. The information provided to the tourists should be detailed and correct. It should contain the information related to room rentals, types of rooms, catering services, check out times, pick and drop facilities etc. Additional information about the significant tourist spots in the area can also be provided both on the net as well as the booklets, to promote not only the hotel but the tourist spot as well. There are many websites available on the internet which are based on travel and tourism. You can get information regarding hotel accommodations, tourists place, and business blog reviews sight scenes. You should search these websites to make your travel easy and plan things accordingly. Through blog reviews you can get the link of such websites that are truly genuine and will provide you with travel packages into many countries. Read these blog reviews and you will know better. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Suman_Ahliya Seminar In this seminar the lecturer should discuss relation between hotel and tourism and how hotels are an integral part of the tourism industry. Unit 3-Marketing of Accommodation Explain pricing strategy Understanding Client behaviour Knowledge of Market Research and Planning Marketing to organize Manage the retail marketing mix Analyse SWOT 1. Understand how marketing principles apply to different types of hotels. 1.1 Examine the components of the marketing mix as applied to the hotel industry. 1.2 Analyse the benefits of segmentation for a large hotel. 2. Understand the marketing strategies and communication strategies of hotels. 2.1 Analyse the advantages of branding in relation the hotel industry. 2.2 Prepare a detailed SWOT analysis for a large chain of hotels. 3. Understand how two sales promotion packages are used to promote hotel services. 3.1 Evaluate two external influences which may affect the promotion of hotels. 3.2 Analyse three marketing objectives to be used in the planning of a promotional campaign. 4. Understand the part which market research has in the selling of accommodation and services 4.1Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of both primary and secondary research. 4.2 Illustrate how two internal and two external sources of information can be used by a hotel when promoting holidays. Marketing of Accommodation-suggested lesson plan Do the case study on Riverview and ask questions. 1. Understand how marketing principles apply to different types of hotels. 1.1 Examine the components of the marketing mix as applied to the hotel industry. Lecture: Explain how the marketing mix is directly responsible for maximizing room sales and revenues in a hotel. Seminar In this seminar the lecturer should explain pricing strategy 1.2 Analyse the benefits of segmentation for a large hotel. The tutor will need to explain what segmentation is and then discuss the list below and whether all of these would apply to a hotel marketing. Companies who segment their markets match their strengths and offerings to the groups of customers most likely to respond to them. Points for discussion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Differentiate products and services to meet customer needs and desires. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Design or redesign new products and services to meet market needs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Find hidden needs and make improvements to existing products. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ By selecting and focusing on the most responsive segments to the exclusion of others, marketing can be created to more effectively fit consumers needs. Finding, understanding and focusing on the needs of the best customers can make a market leader. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Target marketing mix to the customers most likely to want the products or services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify behaviours and buying motives for products. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify most and least profitable customers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Help. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Avoid unprofitable markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increase brand loyalty and decrease brand switching. 2. Understand the marketing strategies and communication strategies of hotels. 2.1 Analyse the advantages of branding in relation the hotel industry. Lecture In this lecture the lecturer should discuss with the students branding systems in International Marketing Group discussion Srudents should have had photographic evidence of branding of major hotel chains and discuss usefulness in marketing on a global scale. 2.2 Prepare a detailed SWOT analysis for a large chain of hotels. Lecture Provide an explanation of the case study below and advise the students on what they should do. Case study Riverview Hotel The Hotel The Riverview Hotel, Notown USA, is representative of the five star brand within the Exclusive Business Hotels of the World group. All Riverview Hotels are boutique properties, offering between 25 and 35 exclusive rooms. Mission The Riverview Hotel is dedicated to providing its guests with the highest quality of service and standards. We seek to deliver on our promise of value and quality above all else. We value our place in the community and will work to develop those relationships and to respect and protect our environment. We will continue to strive to create value for both owners and shareholders whilst honoring our brand values and encouraging our personnel to develop themselves in an environment of trust, loyalty and encouragement. Service Offering Service: high-quality facilities accompanied by exemplary personal service, differentiated from competition in line with the overall brand strategy, has proven to be a successful approach generating high levels of repeat business. Positioning The Riverview Hotel is positioned as a five star plus, business travellers hotel, strategically located and offering a high level of personal service. Our focus is on offe